Topics
All the topics on the site, published and upcoming. 28 of 221 topics are published today; the rest are written or in preparation and are added as they are reviewed.
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About this site
Basic concepts
- Ortopedia y Traumatología: qué es, de dónde vienen las palabras y cómo se llega a ser especialista ESPublished
- Diccionario de Ortopedia y Traumatología: los términos más usados, explicados en simpleUnder review
- What is regenerative medicine? What exists, what is being researched and how to protect yourself from unsupported offersUnder review
Injuries and first aid
- AWhat is a sprain? ESPublished
- ABWhat is a dislocation and what consequences can it leave?Under review
- AThe ABCs of pain: the fifth vital sign, its types, how it is measured and how it is treatedUnder review
- Wound care: how to clean wounds, when to seek care and when a tetanus shot is needed ESPublished
- Decontamination and antisepsis: what each word means and which antiseptic to useUnder review
- Cast immobilization: types, how casts are made, warning signs and careUnder review
- Closed, open and exposed fractures: what sets them apart and why an open fracture is an emergencyUnder review
- Spinal braces: types and models, how they work, use, care and maintenanceUnder review
- Orthoses: what they are, models, what they are for, materials, durability and careUnder review
- Muscle tears and muscle spasms: what they are, how they heal and how to prevent themUnder review
- Compartment syndrome: disproportionate pain that is an emergencyUnder review
Spine
- ABHow worried should I be about low back pain or pain that travels down my leg? How to read the pain and explain it to my doctorUnder review
- ABScoliosis: types by cause, classifications and treatmentUnder review
- ACongenital scoliosis and vertebral malformations: types, associated genetic syndromes and treatmentUnder review
- ABKyphosis: from poor posture to Scheuermann's disease and other causesUnder review
- ALoss of the cervical curve: an X-ray finding that raises many questionsUnder review
- ANeck pain and cervicobrachialgia: neck pain and pain that travels down the armUnder review
- ACervical sprain (whiplash): what it is, how it is classified, what to do, vertigo after an accident and which tests are neededUnder review
- ABSpondylolysis and spondylolisthesis: types, medical treatment and surgical treatmentUnder review
- ACervical, thoracic and lumbar disc herniation: what it is, how it is classified, the symptoms in each region, which tests are needed and when surgery is indicated ESPublished
- ABTengo una hernia de disco lumbar: qué síntomas da según la raíz, cómo se clasifica, qué estudios se piden y cómo se trata ESPublished
- AQué es una infiltración o un bloqueo de columna: foraminal, peridural, facetario y raquídeo ESPublished
- AThe intervertebral disc: what it is like in the neck, mid-back and lower back, how it is nourished, how it ages and what protects or damages itUnder review
- Discopatía degenerativa: cómo el disco que envejece transforma todo el segmento de la columna, hasta la estenosisUnder review
- AHabits that protect the discs of the spine: posture and breaks, sports technique, diet, tobacco and vaping, sleep, vibration and exerciseUnder review
- ASpinal fractures: traumatic and osteoporotic, how they are assessed and what the evidence says about their treatmentUnder review
- ADiscectomy: what it is, when it is recommended, techniques and what to expectUnder review
- ADisc replacement (disc arthroplasty): when it is recommended and how it compares with fusionUnder review
- ASpinal fusion (arthrodesis): when it is recommended and what the trials sayUnder review
- APedicle screws and interspinous devices: what they are and what the trials sayUnder review
- ASagittal imbalance: when the spine loses its alignment and the body leans forwardUnder review
- ALumbar spinal stenosis: leg pain when walking that improves when sitting downUnder review
Shoulder, elbow and hand
- ATengo un esguince acromioclavicular: los ligamentos de la punta del hombro, los grados de Rockwood y cuándo se opera ESPublished
- ATengo un esguince esternoclavicular: la articulación entre la clavícula y el esternón, y por qué la luxación hacia atrás es una urgencia ESPublished
- ATengo un esguince de codo: los ligamentos del codo, cómo se lesionan y por qué hay que moverlo temprano ESPublished
- ATengo un esguince de un dedo o del pulgar: el dedo enganchado, el pulgar del esquiador y cuándo se opera ESPublished
- ATengo un esguince de muñeca: cuándo es un esguince simple, por qué hay que descartar el escafoides y qué son las inestabilidades DISI y VISI ESPublished
- ARotator cuff injury: what it is, why it hurts, what the studies say and when surgery is neededUnder review
- ASLAP tear of the glenoid labrum (shoulder labrum): what it is, types and what studies say about its treatmentUnder review
- AHill-Sachs and Bankart lesions: shoulder instability after a dislocationUnder review
- AOsteonecrosis of the humeral head: causes, stages and treatmentUnder review
- ACarpal tunnel syndrome: what it is, how it is diagnosed and which treatments are supported by evidenceUnder review
- Less common nerve entrapments in the arm and leg: cubital tunnel, Guyon's canal, arcade of Frohse, tarsal tunnel and othersUnder review
- AFlexor and extensor tendon injuries of the hand: zones, repair and rehabilitationUnder review
- Tendinitis and tendinosis are not the same: what tendinopathy is and how it is treatedUnder review
- AForearm fracture-dislocations: Monteggia, Galeazzi and Essex-LoprestiUnder review
- AFrozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis): why it becomes stiff and which treatment to chooseUnder review
- AProximal humerus fracture (near the shoulder): when to operate and when not toUnder review
- ACollarbone fracture: sling or surgeryUnder review
- AWrist fracture (distal radius): cast or plate depending on age and the type of fractureUnder review
- AScaphoid fracture: the wrist fracture that hides on the X-rayUnder review
- ATrigger finger (snapping finger): why the finger locks and when an injection is enoughUnder review
- ADe Quervain's tendinitis: wrist pain on the thumb sideUnder review
- ACalcific tendinitis of the shoulder: calcium in the rotator cuff and how it is treatedUnder review
- ALateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) and medial epicondylitis (golfer's elbow): why an injection can worsen the result at one yearUnder review
- ARhizarthrosis: osteoarthritis at the base of the thumbUnder review
- AGanglion (synovial cyst) of the wrist and hand: why it often does not need treatmentUnder review
- ADupuytren's disease (contracture of the palmar fascia): fingers that bend toward the palmUnder review
- The biceps tendon: long head tendinitis, short head injuries and rupture at the elbow, and when surgery is neededUnder review
Hip and knee
- AKnee pain: patellofemoral syndrome, meniscal syndrome, pes anserinus and osteochondritisUnder review
- APatellofemoral pain syndrome: causes, alignment, tests and treatmentUnder review
- AMeniscal syndrome: what the menisci do, how they are injured, how injuries are diagnosed and how they are treatedUnder review
- ASnapping hip (coxa saltans): the clicking hipUnder review
- ACoxa vara and coxa valga: the angle of the femoral neckUnder review
- AOsteonecrosis of the femoral head in adults: trauma, corticosteroids, alcohol, diving, stages and treatmentUnder review
- AHip dislocation: traumatic, in a hip replacement and in babiesUnder review
- Pigmented villonodular synovitis (tenosynovial giant cell tumor) of the knee and hipUnder review
- AGenu valgum (knock knees): when it is normal and when it needs to be checkedUnder review
- AGenu varum (bowlegs): when it is normal and when it is Blount's diseaseUnder review
- AGenu recurvatum: the knee that bends too far backwardUnder review
- APatellar and quadriceps tendinopathy ("jumper's knee"): what it is and which exercise worksUnder review
- ABursitis and pain on the side of the hip: what it is and what the trials sayUnder review
- AAchilles tendon rupture: surgery or no surgery, according to the evidenceUnder review
- AFemoroacetabular impingement (CAM and PINCER): what it is, why imaging alone is not enough and what the trials sayUnder review
- AHip labral tear (acetabular labrum): what it is, why it is injured and what studies say about its treatmentUnder review
- AHip fracture in older adults: why surgery is done early and what changes recoveryUnder review
- ATengo un esguince de rodilla: qué ligamento se lesiona, cómo se diagnostica y cómo se trata ESPublished
- AAnterior cruciate ligament tear: operate right away, operate later or not operateUnder review
- ABaker's cyst: the lump behind the kneeUnder review
- AHip replacement: when it is worthwhile, what to expect and how long it lastsUnder review
- AKnee replacement: when it is worthwhile, what to expect and why some people still have painUnder review
Foot and ankle
- AFlat feet in children and adults: when to worry and what to doUnder review
- ACavus foot: the high-arched foot and its link to neurological diseasesUnder review
- Orthopaedic insoles: types, materials, how they work, what they correct, use, replacement and hygieneUnder review
- AHindfoot valgus and hindfoot varus: the alignment of the heelUnder review
- AHallux valgus (bunion) in adults: what it is, how common it is and when surgery is neededUnder review
- AHallux valgus (bunion) in children and teenagers: guided growth and why early osteotomy is not advisableUnder review
- ACalcaneus (heel bone) fracture from a fall from height: surgery or no surgery, according to the evidenceUnder review
- ATengo un esguince de tobillo: qué ligamento se lesiona, cuándo hace falta una radiografía y cómo se trata ESPublished
- APlantar fasciitis: heel pain with the first steps in the morningUnder review
- AAnkle fracture: stable or unstable, cast or surgeryUnder review
- AMetatarsalgia and Morton's neuroma: pain in the ball of the footUnder review
Chest and face
- Rib fracture: types, risks, diagnosis, treatment and recoveryUnder review
- Tietze syndrome: pain and swelling in the rib cartilageUnder review
- Seat belt injuries: rib and sternum fractures, abdominal and spinal injuriesUnder review
- Malar fracture (cheekbone fracture): how it happens, how it is recognized and how it is treatedUnder review
- Nasal bone fracture: what it is, what to keep in mind and whom to seeUnder review
Children and teenagers
- ASever's disease: heel pain in children who play sportsUnder review
- Osteochondrosis: a map of the "eponymous diseases" of growing bonesUnder review
- ALegg-Calvé-Perthes disease: necrosis of the femoral head in childrenUnder review
- AOsgood-Schlatter disease: the painful bump below the knee in teenage athletesUnder review
- Septic arthritis and osteomyelitis in children: an emergency that must not be missedUnder review
- Fractures in children: greenstick, buckle (torus), plastic deformation and growth plate fractures (epiphysiolysis)Under review
- ASlipped capital femoral epiphysis (hip epiphysiolysis): knee pain that may come from the hipUnder review
- Pulled elbow (nursemaid's elbow): what it is, how it is reduced and how to prevent itUnder review
- Congenital malformations in pediatric orthopaedics: an overviewUnder review
- Tethered spinal cord: what it is, when to suspect it and how it is treatedUnder review
- Chiari malformation: what it is, types, symptoms, tests and treatmentUnder review
- Syringomyelia and hydromyelia: fluid-filled cavities inside the spinal cordUnder review
- AScoliosis of neurological and neuromuscular origin: when to suspect it and how it is treatedUnder review
- Chronic non-progressive encephalopathy (cerebral palsy): what it is, how to detect it, what to expect, treatments, care team and rightsUnder review
- ADevelopmental dysplasia of the hip in babies: risk factors, ultrasound and the Pavlik harnessUnder review
- AClubfoot (talipes equinovarus): the Ponseti methodUnder review
- Growing pains: when they are harmless and when to see a doctorUnder review
- In-toeing and toe walking: when they are normal in childrenUnder review
- Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: arthritis in children and eye checkupsUnder review
Bones and joints
- Osteoarthritis: what it is, how it is diagnosed and which treatments are supported by evidenceUnder review
- Rheumatoid arthritis: what it is, why early diagnosis changes everything and what role the orthopaedic specialist playsUnder review
- AOsteoporosis: what it is, how it affects women and men, how it is assessed and how it is treatedUnder review
- Osteopetrosis: the "marble bone" diseaseUnder review
- Joint hyperlaxity and hypermobilityUnder review
- Inherited connective tissue disorders and sportsUnder review
- AOsteochondritis dissecans: the injury to the bone beneath the cartilage in young peopleUnder review
- Bone insufficiency and insufficiency fractures: when bone breaks under normal loadsUnder review
- Bone marrow edema and transient osteoporosis of the hip: what "edema" means on an MRIUnder review
- Sarcopenia: the loss of strength and muscle, how it is measured and how to fight itUnder review
- Gout: uric acid arthritis, how it is treated and how to prevent flaresUnder review
- Soft tissue infections: cellulitis, abscesses and necrotizing fasciitisUnder review
- Acute and chronic osteomyelitis in adultsUnder review
- Sepsis: what it is and how to recognize it in timeUnder review
- Benign and malignant bone tumors: the warning signs that must not be missedUnder review
- Paget's disease of bone: when to treat it and when monitoring is enoughUnder review
- Fibromyalgia: widespread pain and why exercise is the best-supported treatmentUnder review
- Complex regional pain syndrome (Sudeck): disproportionate pain after an injuryUnder review
- Multiple osteochondromatosis and Ollier disease: multiple cartilage tumors in children, how they are monitored and when to worryUnder review
- Hemangioma: in a baby's skin, in the spine and in muscle, and why not everything called a "hemangioma" is the sameUnder review
Regenerative and complementary therapies
- Viscosupplementation (hyaluronic acid): what it is, what evidence it has, who it is for, what to expect and what risks it carriesUnder review
- Platelet-rich plasma (PRP): what it is and what placebo-controlled trials sayUnder review
- Stem cells in orthopaedics: what is done today, what the evidence says and what institutions thinkUnder review
- The importance of physiotherapy in tissue repair: the load that healsUnder review
- Acupuncture for pain treatment: what the evidence saysUnder review
Surgery and anesthesia
- Joint replacements: materials, history, fixation, wear, loosening, infection, allergy and careUnder review
- Caring for joint replacements: life with a hip or knee replacementUnder review
- Intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring: what it is and what it "senses" during spine surgeryUnder review
- Joint replacement infection: types, diagnosis and treatmentUnder review
- AHip replacement dislocation: frequency, causes, prevention and treatmentUnder review
- Bone grafts: autologous, bank (cadaveric), from other species and synthetic substitutesUnder review
- Endoscopic, percutaneous and minimally invasive surgery: what they are and what the evidence saysUnder review
- Pre-operative assessment in orthopaedics and the conditions for receiving an implantUnder review
- Psychological preparation for surgery: anxiety, fear of pain and how to arrive better preparedUnder review
- Over-the-counter pain relievers: safe use and doses in children and adultsUnder review
- Precautions with pain relievers and corticosteroidsUnder review
- Why are corticosteroids not the best treatment for pain?Under review
- AI take blood thinners and I am in pain: what can I do?Under review
- Malignant hyperthermia: the inherited reaction to some anestheticsUnder review
- Latex allergy in surgery: who is at risk and how it is preventedUnder review
- Venous thrombosis after surgery or immobilization: when to prevent it and how to recognize itUnder review
Work and social security
- The pre-employment medical exam: what the law requires and what it means for your healthUnder review
- If I have pre-existing conditions, can I still aim for a formal, decent job?Under review
- What an ART (Aseguradora de Riesgos del Trabajo, workers' compensation insurer) is, which insurance the law requires and who can report an accidentUnder review
- What is an occupational disease and how is it recognized?Under review
- Work accident: what care you are entitled to, who pays, medical discharge and how to file a claimUnder review
- Malingering, dissimulation and improper claimsUnder review
- Ergonomics at work: desks, loads, standing work, environment and protectionUnder review
- Ergonomics and risks by job: what Argentine regulations requireUnder review
- Work accidents and commuting accidents (in itinere): what the law covers and what to doUnder review
- Work-related and social security disability: incapacity, rating scale (baremo) and disability retirementUnder review
- Polytrauma and its legal implicationsUnder review
Prevention and habits
- Postural health at school, at work and in daily lifeUnder review
- What is health? Healthy habits throughout lifeUnder review
- Health at work, at school, in everyday life and in natureUnder review
- How much physical activity we need: the WHO recommendations for each ageUnder review
- Hydration and exercise: how much to drink, when, and the risks of drinking too little or too muchUnder review
- Dietary supplements: what they are, when they are needed and what risks they carryUnder review
- Vitamin D deficiency: when to measure it and when to supplement it according to the 2024 guidelineUnder review
- Collagen supplements and osteoarthritis: what the trials sayUnder review
- Calisthenics, tai chi, Pilates and yoga to prevent sarcopenia and falls: which to chooseUnder review
- Vacunas e inmunización: qué es una vacuna, qué tipos hay, quién es inmunodeprimido y por qué las defensas bajan con la edad y el embarazo ESPublished
Sports and physical fitness
- The medical fitness certificate for competitive sportsUnder review
- Can sports injuries be predicted?Under review
- Calisthenics: what it is, what it is based on and how to build a complete routineUnder review
- Pilates: what it is, what it is based on and what a complete routine looks likeUnder review
- Yoga: what it is, what it is based on and what a complete routine looks likeUnder review
- Jiu-jitsu: what it is, what the evidence says and what a complete session looks likeUnder review
- Tai chi: what it is, what it is based on and what a complete practice looks likeUnder review
- Global Postural Reeducation (GPR): what it is, what the evidence says and what treatment looks likeUnder review
- Isometric exercise: what it is, what it is based on and how to build a complete routineUnder review
- Isostretching: the global postural method with isometric contractionsUnder review
- Getting stronger without a gym: isometrics, calisthenics and stretching in a combined planUnder review
- Physical fitness assessment: gym, school sports and high performanceUnder review
- Torg-Pavlov ratio: what it measures and why it should not be used on its own to decide fitness for contact sportsUnder review
- Body mass index and sports: why it can be misleading in athletesUnder review
- Allergy and sports: exercise-induced bronchospasm and exercise-related anaphylaxisUnder review
- Anticoagulation and physical activity: which sports are best avoidedUnder review
- Metabolic diseases and sports: the example of diabetesUnder review
- Gout and sports: how to stay active without triggering flaresUnder review
- Hypothyroidism and sports: when you need to waitUnder review
- Arrhythmias and sports: when you can competeUnder review
- Chagas disease and sports: why it matters in ArgentinaUnder review
Car safety
- Seat belts in modern cars with airbags: why the airbag does not replace themUnder review
- Seat belts during pregnancy: how to wear one correctlyUnder review
- Child car seats: which one to use according to age, weight and heightUnder review
- Where children should sit in the carUnder review
- What the law requires about seat belts and child seats: national law and Mendoza lawUnder review
Diagnostic tests
- X-rays: what they are for, how much radiation they involve and when to take precautions ESPublished
- Ultrasound: what it is used for in orthopaedics and why it is safe ESPublished
- CT scan: what it is for, how much radiation it involves and what precautions to take ESPublished
- MRI: how it works, who cannot have one and what precautions to take ESPublished
- Contrast studies: iodine and gadolinium contrast, allergies and the kidneys ESPublished
- Nuclear medicine: bone scans, white blood cell and gallium scans, and PET ESPublished
- Cultures and antibiotic susceptibility tests: what they are, how samples are taken and how results are interpreted ESPublished
- Electromyography and nerve conduction studies: what they are, what they are for and how to prepare ESPublished
- Somatosensory evoked potentials: what they measure, what they are used for and their role in spine surgery ESPublished
- How to prepare for special tests: a practical guide ESPublished
- Bone densitometry: who should have it, how to read the report and how to prepare ESPublished
- Lab tests for monitoring calcium-phosphate metabolism: calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and bone markers ESPublished
- How harmless are the tests and devices used in medicine? What energy each one uses, what effect it has on health, how much radiation it involves and where the data come from ESPublished